E-2 Visa Countries: Full List of Treaty Nations (Updated 2025)
E-2 Visa Treaty Countries: Full List & Eligibility Guide
To qualify for the E-2 visa, you must be a national of a country that maintains a qualifying treaty of commerce and navigation with the United States. This guide groups treaty countries by region, highlights notable exclusions, and explains visa reciprocity (validity periods). For the rest of the eligibility rules, see the Complete E-2 Visa Guide.
E-2 Treaty Countries (by Region)
North America
- Canada — Canadian entrepreneurs guide
- Mexico
Europe
- United Kingdom — UK citizens guide
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Spain
- Netherlands
- Ireland
- Sweden
- Denmark
- Finland
- Belgium
- Austria
- Poland
- Czech Republic
- Portugal — Portugal overview
- Switzerland
- Serbia
- Albania
- Bosnia & Herzegovina
- North Macedonia
- Montenegro
- Kosovo
- Georgia
- Armenia
Asia–Pacific
- Australia — Australians 2024 updates · Process overview
- New Zealand
- Japan
- South Korea
- Taiwan
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Sri Lanka
- Bangladesh
- Pakistan
- Singapore
- Mongolia
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Uzbekistan
Latin America & Caribbean
- Argentina
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Jamaica
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Suriname
- Trinidad & Tobago
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Grenada
Middle East & Africa
- Israel — Israeli nationals guide
- Jordan
- Turkey
- Egypt
- Morocco
- Tunisia
- Cameroon
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ethiopia
Notable Exclusions (No E-2 Treaty)
Several large economies do not currently have an E-2 treaty with the U.S. Common examples include India, China (PRC), Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Vietnam, and Nigeria. Citizens of these countries generally cannot qualify for E-2 unless they also hold citizenship in a treaty country (dual nationality). Always verify treaty status before planning an E-2 strategy.
Visa Reciprocity & Validity Periods
Each treaty country has a reciprocity schedule that determines the visa validity period (how long your visa stamp may be issued) and number of entries. This is separate from your period of stay granted at each U.S. entry (typically up to 2 years). Check the official reciprocity table before applying:
Official resource: U.S. Department of State — Visa Reciprocity
E-2 Visa Countries — FAQ
Which countries qualify for the E-2 visa?
The E-2 visa is available to citizens of countries that maintain a treaty of commerce and navigation with the United States. See the regional lists above and confirm details using the State Department reciprocity tool.
Is India an E-2 treaty country?
No. India does not currently have an E-2 treaty with the U.S. Some individuals consider eligibility via dual nationality in a treaty country (e.g., Grenada or Turkey), but this is a separate citizenship process and requires careful planning.
Does the UK qualify for the E-2 visa?
Yes. The United Kingdom is an E-2 treaty country. For process notes and requirements, see our E-2 for UK citizens page.
Does Canada qualify for the E-2 visa?
Yes. Canada is an E-2 treaty country. See our Canadian entrepreneurs E-2 cheatsheet for a quick overview.
Do Australians qualify for the E-2 visa?
Yes. Australia is an E-2 treaty country. Start with our E-2 for Australians overview.
Does visa validity equal my time in the U.S.?
No. Visa validity (from reciprocity) controls how long your visa stamp is valid for entries; your period of stay (typically up to 2 years per entry) is granted by CBP at each entry. These are separate concepts.
What if my country isn’t on the list?
You can’t apply directly for E-2 without treaty nationality. Alternatives may include other visa categories, or—where appropriate—obtaining citizenship in a treaty country. Discuss the pros and cons with counsel before pursuing this path.